Lyme Disease Spreading to New Areas, Says CDC - http://clapway.com/2015/07/18/lyme-disease-spreading-to-new-areas-says-cdc896/

The Background and What We Know about the disease

Everyone should know what Lyme disease is or at the very least have an idea of the bugs that might spread it to you.

Usually, when you get bitten by a troublesome bug, you feel like you may have a fever, but with an accompanying rash. The untreated disease can wreak havoc on your body. However there is a slight chance you run the risk of developing Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome, no one really knows what causes this but guesses go to lingering damage to your tissue and immune system may be a contributing factor.

According to data from CDC monitoring, Lyme disease has really only been abundant in the Great Lakes area and the upper New England area. But it has seen a case or small smattering in other regions in the U.S. So you’re not entirely risk free.

The Bad News about Lyme disease.

Since the topic of geography is at hand, now is a good time to mention that the CDC has released a report available online now, and later in print in August. The report that says Lyme disease is spreading. The monitoring of the disease has been observed in a nine-year time period of the number of cases across the U.S.

In those years of observations, the high concentration of cases in the New England have risen an unbelievable number of 320%. That is a radical increase and when you observe how much the percentage increases in the nine year period it’s less shocking but still baffling to see it rise.

The Great Lakes are was not as high a percentile as the New England area but it was still really high with its number of an estimation of 250% rise in incidents with Lyme Disease.

The two high concentration areas spell trouble for residents and others worldwide

Not only is the concentration rising in those hot spots in the U.S., there is some movement outside of the areas that suggest spreading due to the conditions existing at that time that may help the ticks survive in the geographical area. So, the CDC says measures must be taken to prevent a severe Lyme disease epidemic.

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Lyme Disease Spreading to New Areas, Says CDC

Mosquitoes Track You With 3 Senses, Bite Without Guilt - http://clapway.com/2015/07/17/mosquitoes-track-you-with-3-senses-bite-without-guilt784/

We all work (or have worked) hard to afford a nice day on the beach, at the park, or just a day of ambiguous leisure. We sometimes work even harder to protect ourselves from the malheurs of pests, namely the winged sort we’ve named mosquitoes. But resistance may be futile, for a mosquito can sense heat, can smell humans, and can see you, too. That’s three senses working against you. No wonder they’re so persistent.

HELL HATH NO FURY LIKE a MOSQUITOES’ MOTHERS’ SCORN

The most ravenous mosquito is the new mother, who seeks a blood meal to feed her younglings. Her favorite host is human. A wide variety of insects including mosquitoes can detect and are attracted to the smell of carbon dioxide (CO2) that we exhale. And that’s not all; mosquitoes can also use thermal sensory data to detect a suitable host of blood, and when all else fails, there’s always old-fashioned sight. But who would imagine themselves using each one of their senses in a sequence, especially when one’s own survival depends on putting them to work together?

DO PESTS INTEGRATE SENSES?

In order to discover precisely how mosquitoes balance such a barrage of senses, a recent study was performed. In the study, researchers set hungry, mated female mosquitoes free into a wind tunnel. This wind tunnel was jerry-rigged for scientists to control which sensory cues occurred.

Each experiment featured 20 mosquitoes, who were all inserted into the tunnel and filmed with 3D tracking software. When a plume of air heavy in CO2 concentration was released, the mosquitos followed it, just as the scientists predicted. A plume with normal background air did not seem to pique the mosquitoes’ interest.

TRANSPOSING HYPOTHESES FROM OTHER FINDINGS

Floris van Breugel, a postdoctoral scholar in the lab of Michael Dickinson, professor of bioengineering at the California Institute of Technology, found that animals (specifically, fruit flies), are more attracted to visual features, even when exposed to an attractive odor.

“This was a new finding for flies, and we suspected that mosquitoes would exhibit a similar behavior. That is, we predicted that when the mosquitoes were exposed to CO2, which is an indicator of a nearby host, they would also spend a lot of time hovering near high-contrast objects, such as a black object on a neutral background.”

ARE MOSQUITOES’ SENSES BIASED?

To test Dickinson’s idea, the scientists repeated the CO2 plume experiment, with a slight change in environment: they placed a dark object on the floor of the wind tunnel. The scientists discovered that even with heavy CO2 plumes, the pests were more attracted to the dark, high-contrast set piece. But, when there was no CO2, the same insects showed no interest in the darkness.

What this means is that the effect of mosquitoes’ olfactory systems is not dissimilar to our suffering. The mosquitoes smell CO2, begin their flight, and continue on well beyond the CO2 towards visual stimulation, which is more temporary, because they carry on the memory of CO2 with them. Mayhaps we should take a matador instead of bug spray for our next camping trip.

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Mosquitoes Track You With 3 Senses, Bite Without Guilt