Showing posts with label genome. Show all posts
Showing posts with label genome. Show all posts

Sunday, August 16, 2015

%Recently, we reported on a new #study from scientists who managed to sequence the first #octopus #genome, trying to map out the #cephalopod"s entire #DNA.% - http://clapway.com/2015/08/16/octopus-alien-more-like-humans-101/

Recently, we reported on a new study from scientists who managed to sequence the first octopus genome, trying to map out the cephalopod’s entire DNA. Sure, what they found was extraordinary and they proved that octopuses are very different from other creatures, but you are not prepared for what is coming.



The team of scientists published their impressive study, for the purpose of which they used the California two-spot octopus as their subject. Then, they combined forces with a group of researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology in Japan and, together, they discovered the octopus’ strange genetics that made it the first intelligent creature on planet Earth, when it developed half a billion years ago.


DEFINE “INTELLIGENT”


Studies have found that octopuses are extremely intelligent since their behaviors can prove that they do not possess just a short-term memory, but a more complex, long-term one.


They know how to open jars in order to eat their prey, they solve puzzles, they can find their way out of a maze and they can use tools like coconuts in order to build a shelter. Their intelligence, though, seems like a necessity since parents do not learn young octopuses anything due to their little contact after their birth.


Some countries consider octopuses so intelligent that they ban them as experimental animals without anesthesia.


AND BECAUSE OCTOPUSES ARE A LOT LIKE HUMANS


Humans have 20,000 – 25,000 genes, while octopuses have 33,000 and, while uncovering the sequence, scientists discovered that some of them are similar to those found in humans and are responsible for their quick adaptation and learning.


Also, both humans and octopuses have a large brain, closed circulatory system, and their eyes are composed of an iris, retina, and lens. However, the most amazing discovery was the ability of the octopus to improve on its own genetic code, which is common in humans and other animals, but octopuses can even edit their own RNA. Trying to adjust to any condition an octopus can adapt its nerves in order to fight the extremely low temperature of the ocean. Octopuses can also taste their food due to a function of their sucker, making them selective with their dinner.


BUT WHAT IF THE OCTOPUS IS AN ALIEN?


Those who believe that octopuses come from aliens, rely on the similarities that these creatures have with humans since all the above are independently developed in another species different from our own mammal origins, and it may seem strange, but we will get an answer soon. After all, this project has given the world many possibilities and the process of breaking down the genome has only just begun, keeping us in suspense for what is about to come.



Is The Octopus An Alien, Or More Like Humans?

Friday, July 3, 2015

Understanding Our Ice Age Friend, the Woolly Mammoth - http://clapway.com/2015/07/03/understanding-our-woolly-friend-the-mammoth765/

Finding out something new


If you have every wanted to know more the Woolly Mammoth but could never find any new developments in their study, here’s your chance. A research study was published just yesterday featuring our woolly friend, with new findings about its DNA structure and how it was adapted to its arctic conditions in the Ice Age. The study was published with cell.com in more scientific detail, and elaborates on the differences between the elephants that live today and the ones of yesterday.

It comes as no surprise that there was some huge reconfigurations of the DNA of the Woolly Mammoth that allowed it to live in such harsh frigid conditions. However, the study went in-depth to discover the differences and found the unique changes to be fascinating.


Genetic changes to the Woolly Mammoth


In short, the changes in the DNA that differed from the elephant creatures of today allowed for physical changes to occur in order for it to survive the cold. Basically, the gene TRPV3 helped to create the Wooly as we know it today and is extremely sensitive to change.

One researcher, Vince Lynch PhD, assistant professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, said in a news release, “This is by far the most comprehensive study to look at the genetic changes that make a Woolly Mammoth a woolly Mammoth. They are an excellent model to understand how morphological evolution works, because mammoths are so closely related to living elephants, which have none of the traits they had.”

Lynch’s research focus at the university focuses itself on that premise of morphology in terms of evolution on the genetics level and how at the molecular level, genetics can be very influential towards that morphology, as well as other interesting focuses.


Before this study, all efforts to sequence mammoth DNA were failures


However, this team of researchers found a backdoor so to speak, in that in that they sequenced not only mammoth genes but also the genes of the Asian elephant. After that, the comparisons began. Most changes in the genes dealt with fat metabolism and other such things to help brave the cold.

These genes could ostensibly be used to bring back the wooly mammoth. But that is likely a terrible idea, and sure to spark parallels to Jurassic Park. Suffice to say, the animal wouldn’t survive in conditions present today as it did then, due to the huge change in environment.



 


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Understanding Our Ice Age Friend, the Woolly Mammoth