In certain perplexing circumstances, smokers seem to remain healthy, despite their continued use of cigarettes and tobacco products. Why is this so? #lungcancer #smokers #tobacco - http://clapway.com/2015/09/28/long-term-smokers-tobacco123/

Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with the vast majority (80%-90%) of lung cancer cases. Yet, in certain perplexing circumstances, smokers’ lungs seem to remain healthy, despite their continued use of cigarettes and tobacco products. Now, British scientists at the Medical Research Council in the United Kingdom might have an explanation as to why this is. The study findings were presented at the annual European Respiratory Society meeting and are now published in the journal Lancet Respiratory Medicine.

GENETICS AND SMOKERS: THE LINK

According to Martin Tobin, a study author and professor of genetic epidemiology, “Smoking is the biggest lifestyle risk factor for [Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]”, which makes it progressively harder for an individual to breath. Genetics, however, also play a big role in whether or not the disease is acquired. According to the results of the study, certain people are considered at less of a risk of COPD due to genes which largely affect how the lungs might recover from an injury. Non-smokers, by contrast, can also be predisposed to the condition.

HOW THE SMOKING STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT:

The findings could potentially aid researchers in the search for better treatments for COPD and other diseases similar to it. The scientists were able to come to this conclusion by analyzing lung health data from 500,000 patients enrolled in the UK biobank, which currently examines the contribution of genetics and the environment to the development of disease. Of the 500,000 participants, 50,000 people, including smokers and non-smokers between the ages of 40 and 69, were specifically chosen for their lung health status.

Scientists then compared the data with 28 million genetic variants found in each person to find six associations related to a person’s ability to force air out of the lungs. The genetic variants are also associated with COPD, even in individuals with no history of smoking. Moreover, scientists discovered parts of the genome that were not previously associated with lung health. The results will help researchers develop adequate treatments with less side effects for lung diseases, and may also help smokers quit in the future.

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Why Long Term Smokers Are Unaffected By Tobacco

Dangers of Light Smoking Among Women - http://clapway.com/2015/07/17/dangers-of-light-smoking-among-women567/

According to a recent report, light smoking is quickly becoming a trend among adult young women. Although the popularity of cigarette smoking is down, the number of people who engage in what is known as light smoking has increased quickly. Very light smoking is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, as consuming 5 or less cigarettes a day.

This new research shows what’s behind the sociodemographic and psychosocial aspects of what makes women who are about to enter the adulthood phase become very light (or heavier) smokers.

DATA CAME FROM 2011 STUDY BY THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF DRUG USE AND HEALTH

The researchers conducted this study by looking at results from a survey from over 9,000 women who are between the ages of 18 to 25. This information was collected from surveys in the 2011 National Survey of Drug Use and Health in the United States. The valuables in the study were set by the researchers and were psychological adaptation, use of inappropriate substances, daily smoking, smoking behaviors, dependence on nicotine, and age of first smoking.

VARIABLES IN THE STUDY MADE IT MORE PRECISE

Variables used in the study groups were ethnicity, age, marital status, educational level, and other educational status values. People were college graduates, never married, and not enrolled in school currently, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in the US.

THIS STUDY ALSO DEFINED VERY LIGHT, LIGHT AND HEAVY SMOKING

The findings of the study found that 42 percent were never smokers, 28 percent were former smokers meaning that they didn’t smoke within the last month but have in the past, and 30 percent were current smokers. This study also classified current smokers from very light smokers to heavy smokers. Very light smokers have smoked 5 or less cigarettes per day in the last 30 days. Light smokers are those who smoked between 6 and 16 cigarettes a day within the last 30 days, and heavier smokers are those who smoked more than 16 or more cigarettes a day within the last 30 days. These findings were published in Preventing Chronic Disease.

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Dangers of Light Smoking Among Women