Are you currently pregnant and experiencing recurrent, persistent vomiting and #nausea during #pregnancy? Maybe #cannabis is to blame. - http://clapway.com/2015/09/23/nausea-during-pregnancy-chs123/

In the United States, Marijuana or cannabis is among the most abused drug. In fact, women who are pregnant often use cannabis. From 2008, the use of cannabis has greatly increased due to its legalization for recreational and medicinal purposes. Corresponding to the rising rate of cannabis use is the acknowledgment of a new condition called Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome.

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is described as:

1. Chronic use of cannabis


2. Recurring episodes of abdominal pain nausea and vomiting


3. Regular hot bathing

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome has three stages:

• Prodromal or the pre-emetic phase – characterized by 1-2 weeks of episodes of morning nausea, food abhorrence, limited eating habits, potential weight loss and intermittent vomiting.


• Hyperemetic phase – described as nausea, recurrent vomiting, abdominal discomfort and uncontrollable bathing for temporarily relieving symptoms.


• Recovery phase – characterized by the improvement of symptoms after cannabis use is halted. Improvement of symptoms usually happens around 12 hours from the cessation of cannabis use but can also take longer for up to three weeks. Patients are free of symptoms while not using cannabis; however, symptoms will recur use is resumed.

For patients experiencing chemotherapy-associated nausea or for HIV-infected patients with anorexia, Cannabis is used as an appetite stimulant and as an antiemetic. The pathogenesis of inconsistent symptoms of hyperemesis of CHS is still not clear, however, many mechanisms have been recommended.

The main active cannabinoid component found in Cannabis is the extremely lipophilic compound THC, which attaches to cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors in the CNS and other tissues. It’s believed that the appetite-stimulating and antiemetic properties of Cannabis are due to the activation of CB1 receptors located in the hypothalamus. Nausea and vomiting are said to be controlled by CB1 receptor stimulation in the enteric nervous system, which can result in delayed gastric emptying, splanchnic vasodilation and slowed peristalsis.

For centuries, cannabis has been used by many people, so it’s not clear as to why CHS is only just being acknowledged. Perhaps it is due to greater amount of THC content through selective breeding of plants or the use of female buds that have more concentrated levels of THC compared to the leaves and stems. On the other hand, CHS may be due to exogenous substances like additives, pesticides, preservatives and other forms of chemicals utilized in the preparation of marijuana, though there is minimal evidence in supporting this claim. The reason for symptom relief after hot bathing is also not clear.

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome and Pregnancy

Are you currently pregnant and experiencing recurrent, persistent vomiting and nausea during pregnancy? Have yourself checked, especially if you are using cannabis during your pregnancy. You might be positive for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

A case of a pregnant 28-year-old woman was reported multiple times for episodes of nausea and vomiting, which resulted in Mallory-Weiss esophageal tears, abdominal pain, and dehydration. It was noted that the patient took frequent long warm baths for symptom relief. The social history of the patient was characterized by chronic marijuana use (an estimated “20 bowls” of marijuana every day).

After an extensive examination of the cause of her nausea and pain, she was later diagnosed with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, which was simply treated after she began abstaining from cannabis.

Diagnosis

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome diagnosis involves:

1. History and physical exam


2. Initial studies and work up geared towards ruling out other causes of acute nausea and vomiting


3. Urine toxicology screen

Four key features should be present when making a diagnosis of CHS:

1. Marijuana use


2. Periodic episodes of severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping


3. Compulsive bathing for transient symptom relief


4. Improvement of symptoms once the use of cannabis is terminated

CHS patients can present with other symptoms, including:

1. Polydipsia


2. Mild fever


3. Weight loss


4. Orthostasis


5. Mild leukocytosis


6. Hypokalemia


7. Hypochloremia


8. Elevated salivary amylase


9. Mild gastritis on esophagogastroduodenoscopy


10. Delayed gastric emptying

Bottom Line

Due to the extensive use of marijuana, both for medicinal and recreational purposes, the inconsistent effect of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome needs more attention. The effects of chronic use of cannabis are still being investigated, and the explanation of cannabis resulting to nausea and vomiting is still not clear.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome must be taken into consideration among pregnant women that have intractable nausea relieved by taking frequent hot baths. By taking into consideration this diagnosis, comprehensive diagnostic testing can be eluded and proper therapy, refraining cannabis use, can be suggested.

About the Author:
Elena Shephard (@ElenaShephard) lives in New York, Albany, USA. She is an independent researcher by profession who loves reading, writing and hanging around with friends. In her spare time, she enjoys doing research and writing certain health and beauty related articles for online websites, journals, etc. She also work as a content coordinator at Consumerhealthdigest.com. The best part of her job is generating awareness about the many remedial factors one can carry out from his/her daily life practices, with the help of her writing skills. Get in touch with her on G+, Facebook and Pinterest.

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Nausea During Pregnancy May Be Due To CHS

"If you used to smoke #marijuana as a #teenager, something probably made you stop." - http://clapway.com/2015/08/05/potheads-how-bad-is-marijuana-use-for-teens-really-324/

Chronic marijuana use by teenage boys does not appear to be linked to physical or mental health issues later in life, according to a new study published by the American Psychological Association.

If you used to smoke marijuana as a teenager, something probably made you stop. For some, it was paranoia or the impression of playing a role in the remake of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. For others, it was the fear that the substance was linked to later physical or mental health issues such as depression, psychotic symptoms or asthma.

Is teen marijuana use really that bad?

Some studies suggests that heavy marijuana use in youth triggers serious health problems in adulthood. However, one of the firsts longitudinal studies addressing the long-term physical and mental health consequences associated with chronic adolescent marijuana use did not find any evidence to support the claim.

Researchers tracked hundreds of males from adolescence into their mid-30s for the study, which was published in Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.

“What we found was a little surprising,” said lead researcher Jordan Bechtold, PhD, a psychology research fellow at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. “There were no differences in any of the mental or physical health outcomes that we measured regardless of the amount or frequency of marijuana used during adolescence.”

Even researchers were surprised

Researchers said that based on previous studies they expected to find at least a degree of correlation between teen marijuana use and later development of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or cancer, asthma, high blood pressure and respiratory problems. They found none.

On the internet there are plenty of testimonials of worried parents who see their children’s lives gradually deteriorating because of marijuana use. Some teenagers have been reportedly busted by the school, failed the drug test, got suspended for days and had to get drug counseling. A mother who kicked her daughter out of the house after discovering she was a pothead is asking for help to the online community to get her ‘decent kid’ back.

Yet, parents and former marijuana users might want to breathe a sight of relief as overall, data from this recent study provided little to no evidence to suggest that patterns of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood, were negatively related to the indicators of physical or mental health studied.

No link between teen marijuana use and long-term health consequences

In the framework of the Pittsburgh Youth Study, scientists from University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Rutgers University started tracking a group of 408 participants aged 14-year-olds in the late 1980s and checked in with them regularly until they were 36.

Participants were divided into four groups based on their self-reported marijuana smoking habits. The researchers measured other factors as well that could have influenced the findings, including cigarette smoking, other illicit drug use, and participants’ access to health insurance. Although there were no differences in the findings based on race or ethnicity, the study included only males; there were no findings or conclusions about women.

What do you think of marijuana use in teenagers? What’s the worst thing the drug did to your friends or family? Share your experience in the comments section below.

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Potheads: How Bad is Marijuana Use For Teens, Really?

Weed Chronicles: Is it Possible to Overdose From Marijuana? - http://clapway.com/2015/07/26/weed-chronicles-is-it-possible-to-overdose-from-marijuana456/

A new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and many of the several news articles it triggered, are blaming a “space cookie” for killing a teenager in Colorado – demonstrating a potential danger associated with recreational edible marijuana use. But is it fair to say that weed kills?

The new CDC report states that 19-year-old Levy Thamba, a native of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, died after consuming an entire marijuana cookie that contained six times the recommended servings of THC, the psychoactive ingredient in weed that causes the high.

In this week’s Morbidity and Mortality report, the incident was labeled as the first “linked to marijuana consumption without evidence of polysubstance use” since pot became legal in Colorado, back in 2012.

What happened?

According to police reports, the teenager initially ate just the recommended single portion of the cookie. Because he could still feel no effects after 30-60 minutes, he decided to eat the rest, which constituted approximately 6 servings. After a couple of hours, Thamba started tripping out, exhibiting “hostile behavior”. He had no other drugs in his system at the time he jumped from the balcony, and his death was ruled an accident.

Dose matters

In the marijuana dispensary, workers recommended that he only eat roughly one sixth of the cookie – the equivalent of about 10 mg of THC. It is undeniable that the THC level in his blood was high – 49 ng/mL. Some research suggests that high doses of the psychoactive ingredient “can produce serious anxiety attacks and psychoticlike symptoms,” but can we really call this a marijuana overdose?

Although it is true that dose matters and that Thamba, was “marijuana naive”, what killed him isn’t pot, but the fact that he jumped from a balcony after ingesting a whole lot of weed. His death was ruled out as an accident meaning that he wasn’t actually trying to kill himself.

Marijuana overdoses have never been reported

As of today, there is not a single documented case of marijuana overdose. Although titles such as “Marijuana Cookie Overdose” are definitely catchy, they are incorrect. Technically, a lethal dose would require ingesting the THC of at least dozens and probably hundreds of pounds of marijuana or more, according to scientific reports. Even the National Institute on Drug Abuse admits that it’s “not very likely” you could overdose on marijuana.

Cannabis is America’s most popular casual use drug with nearly half (49%) of the country, which has tried it, and walked away fine from the experience. Weed, however, is NOT for everyone and users can experience anxiety attacks or get in marijuana-related accidents.

The Marijuana Debate

Instead of reinforcing what’s become a commonplace argument against the folly of marijuana use, perhaps more time should be warranted exploring the ways in which the discussion can be progressed.

After the incident that led to the death of 19-year-old Levy Thamba, Colorado has issued new packaging label rules for products containing cannabis from February this year. The CDC advised all states where recreational marijuana is legal to integrate clearer guidelines labels. As it takes longer to feel the effects of eating marijuana compared with smoking, Stanford researchers warn that this can cause people to eat too much. Initiatives that make consumers and their families safer are definitely welcomed.

If the topic interests you, feature documentaries “The Culture High” and “The Union: The Business Behind Getting High”, try to unite people with a common-sense approach to solving the ongoing problems of the “drug war”.

What do you think of marijuana-related deaths? Share your views in the comments section below.

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Weed Chronicles: Is it Possible to Overdose From Marijuana?

Cannabis Could Help Heal Broken Bones - http://clapway.com/2015/07/17/cannabis-could-help-heal-broken-bones678/

Cannabis has been used as a medical remedy in many societies around the world for centuries. It is just now making a serious comeback into the world of modern medicine. Some of the important medical benefits of cannabis are alleviating symptoms associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease have been evaluated.

THE STUDY WAS DONE BY TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY AND HEBREW UNIVERSITY

A study that was recently published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research by Tel Aviv University and Hebrew University showed another promising medical application for marijuana. According to research, the use of non- psychotropic component cannabinoid cannabidiol, also known as CBD, helps heal bone fractures. This study was conducted on rats with mid-femoral fractures and the results were that CBD enhanced the healing process after just eight weeks. This is even when it CBD is isolated form THC, tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive component of cannabis. The same team that did this study also found in earlier research that cannabinoid receptors in the body stimulate bone formation and prevent bone loss. This opens the door for cannabinoid to fight against osteoporosis and other bone related diseases (BRLDs). This research study was led by doctors at the Bone Research Laboratory at the Department of Anatomy and Anthropology.

THIS IS A PATHWAY FOR OTHER CANNABINOID FUELED TREATMENTS

The potential for the clinical use of cannabinoid-related compounds is going to be thoroughly discovered in order to properly develop more therapies. This clinical therapy used cannabinoid that has no psychoactivity and is anti-inflammatory.

The body naturally with a cannabinoid system that regulated non-vital and vital systems. The body only responds to cannabis due to the receptors that can be activated by the same compounds in the cannabis plant. Researchers also found that the skeleton is regulated by cannabinoids. The addition of non-psychogenic compounds acting outside of the brain still affect the skeleton.

CBD MAKES THE BONE STRONGER THAN BEFORE

CBD itself does a lot of beneficial things to the bones during healing. It makes the bones stronger during the healing process, and enhances the maturing of the collagenous matrixes that provide the basis for new mineralization of bone tissues. This process helps the healed bone become harder to break in the future.

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Cannabis Could Help Heal Broken Bones

Why You Get the Munchies When You’re High - http://clapway.com/2015/07/02/why-you-get-the-munchies-when-youre-high765/

Everybody knows what the munchies are, and anybody who has smoked pot knows that the struggle is real. It’s an insatiable hunger that never seems to be tamed. As a stoner, you have your regular stash that you pick up from the store, and nothing else really works but your tried-n-true choices. Cancer patients often use medicinal marijuana to help calm their nausea and give them back their appetite.

Have you ever wondered why you get the munchies or why your munchies are never satisfied? And why is the food so much better when you’re stoned?

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the main active ingredient in marijuana and when you smoke, the chemical reaches the brain at a quick rate. To your brain, THC resembles the natural transmitting neurons, called cannabinoids, which your brain emits to process information. These neurons are located in the part of the brain that help regulate the body’s normal functions, and will normally send out a chemical signal to let your brain know when you are full. The Yale University School of Medicine conducted a study on a group of mice and found that the natural cannabinoids in THC interfered with their body’s neurons causing them (the neurons) to act erratic. Adversely, they are being activated to promote hunger, even when you aren’t really hungry. The neurological effect that the THC had on the mice is what researchers believe is happening in humans as well. The researchers say this is why you get the munchies. The same lab also discovered another side effect of the cannabinoids being tampered with; you think your food smells and tastes more amazing than usual (not that your cooking isn’t amazing when you’re sober!) Another fact that every pot smoker knows from experience; you will also be inclined to eat things that you might not normally eat, whether you’re just craving something normal, like pickles, or something outrageous, like a lasagna made out of fried chicken, mashed potatoes, and bacon. Researchers also attribute this to the rogue cannabinoids. If you’ve ever seen Epic Meal Time, I assume that’s what every stoner’s food dreams consist of.

In English Please?

The authors of the study claim to have unintentionally stumbled upon finding this possible reason as to why your stomach is always growling when you smoke. To put it simply, the hormones that are released in your brain when you smoke pot would normally act as an appetite suppressant. However, the THC in the marijuana causes your endorphins to kick in, which adversely acts as a stimulant for your appetite. Your system gets confused, which why you get the munchies.

Of course, there is always more research being done in this field

This is especially true now that many states are contemplating the legalization of marijuana. It’ll be interesting to see what more we discover about the plant.

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Why You Get the Munchies When You’re High

Study: Drinking Coffee Enhances Marijuana High - http://clapway.com/2015/06/15/drinking-coffee-found-to-enhance-marijuana-high-234/

According to recent study, caffeine can increase or diminish highs, and increase pot intake in individuals.

If you are one of the millions of people who use coffee and marijuana, America’s favorite drugs, the findings of a recent study published in the Journal of Neuroscience may be of particular interest to you. The study, conducted on monkeys, essentially found that consuming high amounts of coffee together with marijuana could bring people to crave more pot. Caffeine, like marijuana, acts on dopamine in the brain. Whether it enhances a weed high is debatable and not fully proven, but many pot users have found that caffeine intake during a weed high can make it more enjoyable. This is due to the fact that caffeine works to provide a sort of reinforcing effect to marijuana’s effects.

Self-medicating monkeys wanted more THC after taking coffee clone chemical.

The study was conducted on a sample of monkeys that had been taking delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the main active ingredient in pot. The monkeys were free to take as much THC as they wanted to by self-administering it.  The study found that the monkeys chose larger doses as time went on while they were being given a chemical called MSX-3, which mimics the effects of caffeine. It is, in this case, theorized that the monkeys were choosing more THC because they wanted to offset the effects of the caffeine-like MSX-3 molecule. Researchers do warn that it’s still too early to determine whether humans would be affected the same way in the given circumstances.

Coffee activates your brain’s  “reward system”

According to professor of psychology, neuroscience, molecular virology, immunology, and medical genetics Dr. Gary Wenk, coffee makes us feel good by grace of its crucial chemical getting into our brain’s “reward system,” sometimes even mimicking the effects of marijuana. The caffeine starts to stimulate the brain’s marijuana neurotransmitter system, due to its acting on dopamine. For this reason, people who quit smoking marijuana can use small amounts of coffee to keep their psychological craving at bay. The mechanisms behind psychological addiction to marijuana are still relatively unknown, and it’s still too soon to say exactly how much coffee is the ideal amount for that situation.

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Study: Drinking Coffee Enhances Marijuana High

Medical Marijuana Food Fair “Get Baked Sale” Happening Soon in SF - http://clapway.com/2015/06/13/medical-marijuana-food-fair-get-baked-sale-happening-soon-in-sf-420/

City of San Francisco to host medical marijuana food fair.

Although marijuana is only legal for medical reasons in the state of California, the city of San Francisco is hosting what is perhaps the first weed bake sale in history. The “Get Baked Sale” is happening on Saturday at a food truck hub, and will serve only those with proof of a doctor’s recommendation. The event is part of efforts to integrate marijuana into society and make it (even) more mainstream in California in preparation for tentative legalization next year. There will be a statewide ballot in November 2016, so many believe it can and will happen.

 

Bake sale kicks off with weed pancakes for breakfast

Anyone with proper identification and paperwork will receive leg bracelets and hand stamps allowing them to both try and buy THC-infused foods items, including the Auntie Dolores snacks pictured. Breakfast will be served in the form of pancakes cooked with cannabis. There will be multiple cooking demonstrations and advice on such topics as how to pair marijuana foods with regular ones. Two doctors will be standing by to give advice to attendees. At any point, one is welcome to buy snacks or pot in regular form. Smoking it is permitted at a special bar that also provides it. Anyone there will also have access to regular food, perhaps for when the “munchies” kick in really hard. A DJ and carnival game operators will also be there to provide entertainment for ticket holders and their families, while also providing a sort of encouragement for customers to pace themselves.

 

Authorities are lax about the event.

The San Francisco Police Department says it does not plan to place officers at the food fair to check that only people with prescriptions and ankle bracelets get marijuana or edibles. A spokeswoman from the department, Officer Grace Gatpandan, stated “It’s not super on our radar. We just want people to have a good time and if there are families that go there, to keep it cool.” One reason for their relaxed attitude regarding the event is that there are three other festivals going on in San Francisco at the same time and they cannot spare the manpower to oversee what will most likely be a peaceful, harmless event.

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Medical Marijuana Food Fair “Get Baked Sale” Happening Soon in SF

Weed legalization coming to Israel soon! - http://clapway.com/2015/06/04/israel-politicians-favor-marijuana-legalization-234/

Legal marijuana possession and recreational use is a real possibility in the near future for Israeli citizens. Medical pot has been legal in Israel for seven years, and many politicians there now believe in full marijuana legalization for everyone. The most prominent of these politicians is a recently elected lawmaker named Yinon Magal.

Magal, an ex-Israel Defense Force (IDF) elite commando and freshman in Israel’s conservative Jewish Home party, recently championed legislation that would permit recreational use for all. His stance on marijuana legalization is that it is directly linked to freedom of the individual, and he has even admitted to smoking some recently.

Proposed marijuana legislation expected to be supported by Israeli lawmakers.

Magal’s constituents and fellow politicians are mostly expected to support the legislation. According to Magal, the legalization of marijuana will correct a system that has been pushing young, low-income people into jails, exposing them to actual criminals, and leaving a mark on their records. His words sound much like the complaints of many United States citizens concerned by the negative effects of current marijuana laws. Many members of the Knesset, the Israeli government’s legislative body, are expected to side with Magal.

Newly proposed legislation also supported by Israel’s Police Commissioner.

Magal’s marijuana legalization legislation came at the right time for Israeli law enforcement, which had been looking to update its pot laws. Israeli Police Commissioner Yohanan Danino had actually approached Magal with the issue, and the two decided to examine Israel’s marijuana laws together. According to Danino, more and more citizens demand permission to possess and use marijuana, which of course, the police has long denied them. Demand for the reform of weed laws was also shown by a group of farmers who, last month, asked that the Israeli Health Ministry grant a higher number of marijuana-growing licenses for medical pot.

Many Israeli politicians support marijuana legalization.

Early last month, Israeli citizens held a pro-pot demonstration at Rabin Square in Tel Aviv. The demonstration was dubbed a “Cannabis March,” and around one thousand people attended it. Among them were a few current and former Knesset members. One such former member, Moshe Feiglin, publicly stated during the march that the leafy green substance is less addictive than alcohol, less harmful than a cigarette, and should not be kept banned due to irrational fear.

Israel: Politicians Favor Marijuana Legalization

Russia: 2,400-year-Old Bongs Found With Marijuana, Opium - http://clapway.com/2015/05/30/russia-2400-year-old-bongs-found-with-marijuana-opium123/

Amidst continual political debates over the use and legalization of marijuana, recent news sheds light on a most intriguing discovery made back in 2013. Archaeologists dug up a set of solid gold vessels in a large grave mound in the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia. The vessels were identified to be “bongs” that were once used by tribes to smoke (and indulge in) cannabis and opium.

Marijuana treasures buried deep in the Russian mountains

This remarkable discovery was made in the Caucasus Mountains in Russia, where the Scythians once ruled between the ninth century B.C. and the fourth century. The Scythians were a nomadic group who hailed from the region that is today occupied by Iran. They once inhabited a vast extent of the Eurasian Steppe. This tribe conquered a great portion of the Eurasian landscape, and once ruled for one thousand years.

The artifacts that the archaeologists dug up are most curious. They are a set of ornately embellished golden “vessels,” decorated with depictions of both humans and animals. They were found inside a chamber located in the grave mound, which was buried beneath piles of stone and clay. Along with these vessels, archaeologists retrieved seven pounds worth of other gold items, including an ancient ring, two neck rings and a gold bracelet.

The finest ancient objects found in the region held marijuana

Detailed analysis of the sticky black residue left in the golden cups showed that they once were used to hold both marijuana and opium. These cups were actually discovered in 2013 when the burial ground was cleared to make a path for the power line in the area. Both forms of narcotics were apparently mixed in the cup and used simultaneously.

As with all finds like these, the researchers hope that the ornamented vessels — which are decorated with detailed battle scenes showing warriors, griffins, horses and stags — will give us insight into Scythian culture.

There is no doubt that the Scythians used both marijuana and opium at the same time in the cups. Some researchers speculate that the mixture was brewed during celebrations of battle victories. The next step is to figure out the context that these artifacts were once used in, in order to have an increased understanding of the culture.

Russia: 2,400-year-Old Bongs Found With Marijuana, Opium