According to the findings from a recent study, when #brain #cells burn out and die, there is a greater risk for the development of #Parkinsonsdisease. - http://clapway.com/2015/09/02/brain-cell-parkinsons-disease123/

When brain cells burn out and die, there is a greater risk for the development of Parkinson’s disease. According to the findings from a recent study, not all brain cells can survive the rigors of normal brain function; some that succumb could lead to the development of the progressive motor dysfunction characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease.

Certain neurons have huge energy demands

The study published in Current Biology investigated the cause of death predominantly observed in certain populations of neurons in the brain. They found that some regions of the brain consume more energy more rapidly than the others. Cells in this region appear to tire out sooner and die prematurely, thereby causing a deficit in the functions controlled by that set of brain cells.

Parkinson’s disease results from the deficiency of a specific cell population

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that nearly one million people are living with, in the US. The exact cause for the development of Parkinson’s Disease is unknown; loss of dopamine-producing cells specifically from a region called the substantia nigra is known to precipitate it. Dopamine is a chemical messenger involved in communicating signals related to motor function and coordinated movement. Lack of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease therefore manifests itself as tremors, rigidity, a shuffling gait, and impaired balance. The researchers found that cells in the substantia nigra burn out sooner than other brain cells.

The study’s findings could result in therapies targeted at the minimizing cell burnout

The researchers found that the cells in the substantia nigra differ from other cells that produce dopamine in that the nigral cells have excruciating energy demands, have low capacity to store energy and have multiple branches of axons. Mitochondria⎯the cell organelle that generates the fuel source⎯in nigral cells are performing at maximum capacity. This, and the high axonal branching seen in these cells drain the energy sooner and diminish the capacity of the cells to produce any more, resulting in an early demise. This finding shed light on what causes nigral neurons to die at rates higher than other brain cells. This could spur research efforts in Parkinson’s therapies that lower energy consumption and afford efficient utilization of energy.

What’s the link between Parkinson’s and cancer?

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Brain Cell Burnout Tied to Parkinson’s Disease

U.K.: Researchers Uncover the Mystery Behind Immune Cells - http://clapway.com/2015/05/28/u-k-researchers-uncover-the-mystery-behind-immune-cells/

When you fall down and scrape your knee, or nick yourself cutting food in the kitchen, you expect your body will react the way it always does. Human bodies have an amazing feature that helps to prevent infection, and heal wounded areas. When you are hurt the immune cells inside of you move toward your wound and patch it up to prevent any further damage to the body. However until now scientists were unaware what it was in the body that caused it to perform this amazing and critically important task.

Benefits of the discovery of the cause of immune cell migration

Thinking about immune cells in terms a small cut makes it difficult to see the scope of the discovery scientists have made at Bristol University in the U.K. For these scientists the next phase of understanding how the cells function, is direct manipulation of the cells to help aid in human recovery. One of the key scientists who aided in the discovery of the cause of immune cell migration Will Wood elaborates on the importance of being able to manipulate the cells inside of a human body, “While inflammation is critical to prevent infection, too much of a response by immune cells can cause or worsen a wide range of human diseases and conditions autoimmunity, atherosclerosis, cancer and chronic inflammation.” essentially too many immune cells migrated to one place can cause a plethora of problems inside of the body, with a wide range of possible serious complications, but being able to alter the immune cell migration process would help millions dealing with health issues related to the traveling cells.

How immune cell migration works

In research the team at Bristol University discovered the highly functional signaling pathway that alerts the body to an area where inflammation may be necessary, and sends more Immune cells that space. A press release from Bristol University explains exactly how the cell migration functions, “After dissecting the signaling occurring in immune cells responding to wound induced (H2O2), the team found that it involved a well-established immune signaling pathway used in vertebrate adaptive immune responses.” Discovering the reason that immune cells in the human body function in an attempt to aid us in recovery, will not only change the way we view human biology, but change the way we treat patients in modern medicine. It could even lead to longer healthier lives for humans across the board.

U.K.: Researchers Uncover the Mystery Behind Immune Cells