Showing posts with label eyes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label eyes. Show all posts

Friday, August 21, 2015

%99% of #contactlens users ignore hygiene rules, adopting behaviors that could lead them even to #blindness.% - http://clapway.com/2015/08/21/contact-lens-users-risking-blindness-101/

​In an effort to promote contact lens and eye health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) did a report based on a nationwide survey of 1,000 contact wearers. CDC discovered that 99 percent of them ignore hygiene rules adopting behaviors that could lead them even to blindness.


CONTACT LENS RISKS IN NUMBERS


Almost 85% of contact lens wearers say that they have showered with their lenses in while 61% have gone swimming wearing them. Health officials have always been suggesting that lenses should not come in contact with water and that even swim goggles are not a healthy solution.


Users’ cleaning habits are not better with 55% of them sometimes “topping off” their lens case with a more disinfecting solution. The official recommendation says that all contact lens users have to empty the case and then clean in before filling with fresh solution.


RELATED POST: SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED HOW OBESITY WORKS TO TREAT IT


Almost two-thirds of the surveyed sample had rinsed their contact lenses using tap water, which is a potentially risky move. As the report says, household tap water may be safe for drinking, but it is not sterile and the microorganisms contained in it can cause eye infections:


“Household tap water, although treated to be safe for drinking, is not sterile and contains microorganisms that can contaminate lens cases and contact lenses and cause eye infections,” the report says.


Over half said that they had slept overnight with their lenses in and more than 87% admitted they had fallen asleep in their contacts at some point, making napping the most common offense. While certain contact lenses are FDA approved for overnight wear, the CDC says that “sleeping in any type of lens can increase the risk of eye infections.”


Jennifer Cope, the lead author of the study, CDC medical epidemiologist said in a statement that healthy contact lens wear and care is extremely important and that many users do not have a clear idea about their proper use:


“Good vision contributes to overall well-being and independence for people of all ages, so it’s important not to cut corners on healthy contact lens wear and care. We are finding that many wearers are unclear about how to properly wear and care for contact lenses.”


THE RIGHT USE OF CONTACT LENS


The report of CDC comes with tips, to help reduce the risk of eye irritation or infections:


– Users should never sleep with their contact lenses in unless an eye care provider advises them to do so.


– All water must be kept away from contact lenses. Do not shower while wearing them and remove them before swimming or using a hot tub. Never wash or store your contact lenses in water.


– Contact lenses must be replaced as often as recommended by your eye care provider.


– Before putting their contact lenses in the case, users should clean it using fresh solution and never water.


– Store contact lens case upside down with the caps off after each use.


– The contact lens must be replaced, at leas, once every 3 months.


– Visit an eye care provider as often as recommended by your primary health care provider.


– If experiencing eye pain, blurred vision, redness or discomfort, remove the contact lenses immediately and call an eye care provider.



 


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Survey: Contact Lens Users Risking Blindness

Wednesday, August 19, 2015

%Microbes in our intestines can trigger #autoimmune uveitis, and a new study found microbes produce #proteins allowing harmful #immunecells to enter our eyes.% - http://clapway.com/2015/08/19/autoimmune-blindness-gut-microbes-101

Autoimmune uveitis is among the leading causes of blindness. There exist microbes that dwell naturally in our intestines that can be trigger to this disease, and a new study has found that some such microbes produce proteins that candor to harmfully maladjusted immune cells’ entering our eyes.


AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE ATTACKS EYES


This notion of intestinal microbes promoting autoimmune uveitis “has been there in the back of our minds,” comments ocular immunologist Andrew Taylor of the Boston University School of Medicine, a scientific bystander. “This is the first time that it’s been shown that gut flora seems to be part of the process.”


In fact, roughly 400,000 people presently in the States have autoimmune uveitis, a disease that sets the body’s means of controlling the immune system, T cells, on a mission to invade the eye and damage its middle layer. T cells are triggered by a special molecule called antigens, and when eye proteins are misidentified as antigens, T cells go haywire and attack. This isn’t an exceptional condition; healthy people possess the same T cells, it’s just that they don’t usually attack the eyes en masse. In order for T cells to attack at all they must first be activated by their corresponding antigen. It’s rare for antigens associated with autoimmune uveitis to leave the eye, so the question at hand is how on Earth are the wrong T cells stimulated the wrong way?


GUT MICROBES TO BLAME


The new study’s immunologist Rachel Caspi of the National Eye Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, along with her colleagues, performed some genetic engineering on mice to trigger their T cells in the wrong way described above. The critters developed symptoms just as they were weaned. However, the study found that giving the mice four antibiotics capable of killing most of their gut microbes actually delayed the onset and reduced the severity of the disease. This effect was also noticed in germ-free mice, referred to as such because of their lack of gut bacteria.


EXTENSIVE T CELL TESTING


In order to know if gut microbes were actually stimulating the wrong T cells, Caspi and crew mixed intestinal contents of diseased mice to T cell cultures. This lovely cocktail activated the T cells, which means they had become the wrong kind, ready to infect. Caspi’s team suspected a specific protein intestinal microbes release of triggering T cells, so they injected a protein-destroying enzyme to the intestinal cocktail. Afterwards the T cell had a sluggish response to stimuli, which lends weight to the notion of them responding to a protein. Separately, scientists injected T cells from genetically altered mice into control mice not susceptible to autoimmune uveitis, the hypothesis being that T cells unexposed to intestinal material cannot cause uveitis. However, 86% of the mice developed the disease unless they had not received the major dose of T cells formerly exposed to diseased intestinal contents, reported researchers in Immunity, yesterday.


This means that a specific group of bacteria natural to the intestines produces proteins akin to those found in the eye, activating T cells present in the intestines. “We can prove that activation is occurring in the gut,” Caspi announced. Post-activation, these renegade T cells are then presumed to journey up to the eyes, where they force their way in and wreak a blinding havoc.

“It’s a very rigorous approach, and it really adds to our knowledge” regarding how autoimmune uveitis gets its start, remarked ocular immunologist Russell Read of the University of Alabama, Birmingham, another scientific spectator.


PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS & NEW QUESTIONS


So far this is solid scientific progress, but the next question to answer, according to immunologist James Rosenbaum of the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, is why only some (and not all) of us develop autoimmune reactions in our retinas. He goes on to suggest that perhaps only some humans have the bacteria necessary to stimulate T cells, or that a genetic predisposition may be involved.


Caspi and crew don’t want to raise false hopes of popping some antibiotic to cure autoimmune uveitis, but by cataloging gut mimesis of ocular proteins in conjunction with trigger-happy bacteria, researchers may one day procure new methods to treat or prevent this mysterious disease.


story originally covered by Mitch Leslie of Science Magazine



 


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Autoimmune Disease Behind Blindness Caused By Gut Microbes