Showing posts with label comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko. Show all posts
Showing posts with label comet 67p/churyumov-gerasimenko. Show all posts

Thursday, August 13, 2015

Philae Lander Post-Perihelion To Awaken - http://clapway.com/2015/08/13/philae-lander-post-perihelion-101/

Scientists of European persuasion have made an important change of plans for the Philae lander , a detached component of the Rosetta spacecraft with a spotty service record. The Europeans are now hopeful of retrieving new imagery and data on drill samples as soon as communications are restored.


WHY DOES PHILAE PERFORM BADLY?


This may be a misrepresentation of the facts; Philae was impeccably designed, and is fully capable of performing its duties, but upon beginning its final descent last November, the lander had a few issues, bounced on the surface several times, and came to rest in a small valley. Since the lander is solar powered, the absence of sunlight precludes its operating at full capacity, causing it to go into hibernation mode periodically.


SUMMER’S DELIVERY


But in June, the tenacious lander reawoke, much to scientists at the European Space Agency’s surprise, and caused the ESA to rush plans for Philae to perform as many experiments as possible before they risked the more dangerous drilling experiment.


However, as mentioned above, because of Philae’s position, periodic black outs are to be expected. “The problem is not power, but communications,” Aurelie Moussi from space agency CNES said in a webcast on Thursday. “We have to find something to do in a shorter duration.”


PHILAE EXPECTED TO UNVEIL MYSTERIES OF LIFE


Scientists are hopeful that new samples from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s surface will yield more insight into the fundamentals of planet formation, and how such a frigid and hostile environment can be host to the complex organic compounds capable of seeding life.


The Rosetta spacecraft has spent the past two weeks studying a part of the comet inaccessible to Philae, but as of August 11th the mother probe has returned to its position above Philae, and is awaiting its signal.


PHILAE IS DAMAGED


So far, no more contact between the two machines has been documented, but Barbara Cozzoni, Philae operations engineer laments that this may be because one of the lander’s transmitters is broken, along with two receivers that refuse to function properly.


THE BEST IS YET TO COME


Since the comet passed through its perihelion phase at 185 million kilometers (roughly 115 million miles) from the sun, activity on the comet has picked up drastically. Just as the hottest day of the year occurs after the summer solstice, so too will comet 67P’s most active day follow its perihelion. As of now, the comet is ejecting nearly 1,000 kg of dust and a volume of water sufficient to fill two bathtubs per second. Comparatively, upon Rosetta’s original rendezvous, comet 67P was losing only two small glasses of water per second.


In addition to this increased loss of matter and H20, magnificently powerful gas jets were also observed shooting from the comet’s surface. But this spectacle is sideshow to what Philae may reveal to us, soon.



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Philae Lander Post-Perihelion To Awaken

Wednesday, June 24, 2015

Rosetta Detects Exposed Water Ice on Comet 67P - http://clapway.com/2015/06/24/rosetta-detects-exposed-water-ice-on-comet-67p-345/

Scientists have discovered exposed water ice on the surface of Comet 67P, also known as Churyumov-Gerasimenko.


PATCHES OF WATER ICE


The European Space Agency’s (ESA) comet-chasing Rosetta spacecraft arrived at Comet 67P in mid-2014. Since then, the orbiter has been studying the comet in great detail.


In a recent study, scientists used high-resolution images captured by Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow-angle camera to determine that there are more than one hundred patches of water ice on the surface of Comet 67P.


This new study found 120 regions on the comet that are up to ten times brighter than an average comet’s surface. And all of these bright areas reside in areas with shadows, like at the base of cliffs, which minimizes the amount of solar energy these regions receive.


WAITING FOR SOLAR ILLUMINATION


Although scientists can’t definitively say these bright patches are water ice, the evidence makes it the likely explanation.


“At the time of our observations, the comet was far enough from the Sun such that the rate at which water ice would sublimate would have been less than 1 mm per hour of incident solar energy,” explains the study’s lead author Antoine Pommerol. He continues, “By contrast, if carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide ice had been exposed, it would have rapidly sublimated when illuminated by the same amount of sunlight. Thus we would not expect to see that type of ice stable on the surface at this time.”


The team performed other experiments that lead them to believe what they have observed is water ice. And these researchers believe that further confirmation is coming soon.


Rosetta Detects Exposed Water Ice on Comet 67P - Clapway


Rosetta project scientist Matt Taylor details, “As the comet continues to approach perihelion, the increase in solar illumination onto the bright patches that were once in shadow should cause changes in their appearance, and we may expect to see new and even larger regions of exposed ice.”


The study was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.


MAKING A RISKY MOVE


Rosetta’s mission was only scheduled to run through December 2015. But the ESA announced on Tuesday, June 23 that the mission has been extended through September 2016.


With the extra time, Rosetta will attempt riskier research, like the collection of ejected dust samples, and ultimately, landing on Comet 67P. Rosetta delivered its Philae probe to the comet’s surface in 2014. Philae landed in an unfortunate, shadowed location, forcing the probe to enter hibernation mode just a couple days after landing. But Philae woke up on June 13. So, if Rosetta can stick its landing, the pair of comet researchers will be reunited.



 


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Rosetta Detects Exposed Water Ice on Comet 67P